Recent Publications

Hadaean to Palaeoarchaean stagnant-lid tectonics revealed by zircon magnetism.
Tarduno, J.A., Cottrell, R.D., Bono, R.K. et al.  Nature 618, 531–536 (2023). doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06024-5

Rapid strengthening of westerlies accompanied intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Bridges, J.D., Tarduno, J.A., Cottrell, R.D. et al.  Nat Commun 14, 3905 (2023). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39557-4

Early Cambrian renewal of the geodynamo and the origin of inner core structure
By: Zhou, TH, Tarduno, JA, Nimmo, F, Cottrell, RD, Bono, RK, Ibanez-Meiji, M, Huang, WT, Hamilton, M, Kodama, K, Smirnov, AV, Crummins, B, Padgett, F.
Nature Communications, vol. 13 (1) first published July 19, 2022 (doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31677-7)

Asteroid magnetization from the earth solar wind
By: Anand, A, Carroll-Nellenback, J, Blackman, EG, Tarduno, JA. 
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol 509 (2), pages 2957-2968, first published January 2022 (doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3086)

Absence of a long-lived lunar paleomagnetosphere
By: Tarduno, JA, Cottrell, RD, Lawrence, K, Bono, RK, Huang, WT, Johnson, CL, Blackman, EG, Snirmov, AV, Nakajima, M, Neal, CR, Zhou, TH, Ibanez-Mejia, M, Oda, H, Crummins, B.
Science Advances, vol. 7 (32), article number eabi7647, first published August 2021 (doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7647)

Arrival and magnetization of carbonaceous chondrites in the asteroid belt before 4562 million years ago
By: O'Brien, T, Tarduno, JA, Anand, A, Smirnov, AV, Blackman EG, Carroll-Nellenback, J, Krot, AN
Nature Communications Earth & Environment, 1, Article no. 54 (doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00055-w)

Paleomagnetism indicates that primary magnetite in zircon records a strong Hadean field. 
By: Tarduno, JA, Cottrell, RD, Bono, RK, Oda, H, Davis, WJ, Fayek, M, van 't Erve, O, Nimmo, F, Huang, W, Thern, ER, Fearn, S, Mitra, G, Smirnov, AV, Blackman, EG
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, first published January 21, 2020, (doi:10.1073/pnas.1916553117)

Young inner core inferred from Ediacaran ultra-low geomagnetic field intensity
By: Bono, RK, Tarduno, JA, Nimmo, F, Cottrell, RD
NATURE GEOSCIENCES, 12, 143-147, JAN 28, 2019 (doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0288-0)

Subterranean clues to the future of our planetary magnetic shield
By: Tarduno, JA
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 115 (52), 13154-13156, DEC 26, 2018. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.1819025116)

Mass, energy, and momentum capture from stellar winds by magnetized and unmagnetized planets: implications for atmospheric erosion and habitability
By: Blackman, EG, Tarduno, JA,
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY481 (4), 5146-5155, DEC 2018 (doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2640)

LONG-LIVED MAGMATISM AND CORE DYNAMO IN VESTA
By: Yin, QZ, Dey, S, Huyskens, MH, Sanborn, ME, Nimmo, F, Tarduno, JA,
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, 81st Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society, JUL 22-27, 2018, Moscow, RUSSIA, 54, 6097, 2018.

New Archeomagnetic Directional Records From Iron Age Southern Africa (ca. 425-1550 CE) and Implications for the South Atlantic Anomaly
By: Hare, VJ, Tarduno, JA, Huffman, T, Watkeys, M, Thebe, PC, Manyanga, M, Bono, RK, Cottrell, RD
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 45(3), 1361-1369, FEB 16, 2018. (doi: 10.1002/2017GL076007)

Cluster analysis on a sphere: Application to magnetizations from metasediments of the Jack Hills, Western Australia
By: Bono, RK, Tarduno, JA, Dare, MS, Mitra, G, Cottrell, RD,
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, 484, 67-80, FEB 15, 2018. (doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.12.007)

Ancient metallurgy in the Tswapong Hills, Botswana: a preliminary report on archaeological context
By:Huffman, T.N.; Thebe, P.C.; Watkeys, M.K.; Tarduno, J.A.
SOUTHERN AFRICAN HUMANITIES  Volume: 28 Pages 119-133 Published DEC 2016.

A Large Ornithurine Bird (Tingmiatornis arctica) from the Turonian High Arctic: Climatic and Evolutionary Implications
By: Bono, R.K.; Clarke, J.; Tarduno, J.A.; Brinkman, D.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS   Volume: 6 doi:10.1038/srep38876  Published: DEC 19 2016

Detrital magnetite and chromite in Jack Hills quartzite cobbles: Further evidence for the preservation of primary magnetizations and new insights into sediment provenance
By: Dare, M.S.; Tarduno, J.A.; Bono, R.K.; Cottrell, R.D.; Berd, J.S.; Kodama, K.P.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS   Volume: 451   Pages: 298-314  doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.009 Published: OCT 1 2016

Comment on: Pervasive remagnetization of detrital zircon host rocks in the Jack Hills, Western Australia and implications for records of the early dynamo, by Weiss et al. (2015)
By: Bono, R.K.; Tarduno, J.A.; Cottrell, R.D.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS   Volume: 450   Pages: 406-408   doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.06.006   Published: SEP 15 2016

The inverse microconglomerate test: Further evidence for the preservation of Hadean magnetizations in metasediments of the Jack Hills, Western Australia
By: Cottrell, R.D.; Tarduno, J.A.; Bono, R.K.; Dare, M.S.; Mitra, G.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   Volume: 43   Issue: 9   Pages: 4215-4220   doi:10.1002/2016GL068150  Published: MAY 16 2016

Palaeointensity, core thermal conductivity and the unknown age of the inner core
By: Smirnov, A.V.; Tarduno, J.A.; Kulakov, E.V.; McEnroe, S.A.; Bono, R.K.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL   Volume: 205   Issue: 2   Pages: 1190-1195   doi:10.1093/gji/ggw080  Published: MAY 1 2016

A Hadean to Paleoarchean geodynamo recorded by single zircon crystals
By: Tarduno, J.A.; Cottrell, R.D.; Davis, W.J.; Nimmo, F.; Bono, R.K.
SCIENCE  Volume: 349  No.: 6247  Pages: 521-524  doi:10.1126/science.aaa9114 31 July 2015

Antiquity of the South Atlantic Anomaly and evidence for top-down control on the geodynamo
By: Tarduno, J.A.; Watkeys, M.K.; Huffman, T.N.; Cottrell, R.D.; Blackman, E.G.; Wendt, A.; Scribner, C.A.; Wagner, C.L.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS Volume: 6 Article number: 7865 doi:10.1038/ncomms8865  28 July 2015

A stable Ediacaran Earth recorded by single silicate crystals of the ca. 565 Ma Sept-Iles intrusion 
By: Bono, Richard K.; Tarduno, John A.
GEOLOGY  Volume: 43   Issue: 2   Pages: 131-134   Published: FEB 2015 

Paleomagnetism of the Eagle Station Pallasite
By: Tarduno, J. A.; Bono, R. K.; Cottrell, R. D.; et al.
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE  Volume: 49   Special Issue: SI   Supplement: 1   Pages: A391-A391   Published: SEP 2014 

Detecting the oldest geodynamo and attendant shielding from the solar wind: Implications for habitability 
By: Tarduno, John A.; Blackman, Eric G.; Mamajek, Eric E.
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS  Volume: 233   Pages: 68-87   Published: AUG 2014 

Signals from the ancient geodynamo: A paleomagnetic field test on the Jack Hills metaconglomerate 
By: Tarduno, John A.; Cottrell, Rory D.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 367   Pages: 123-132   Published: APR 1 2013 
 
Evidence for a Dynamo in the Main Group Pallasite Parent Body 
By: Tarduno, John A.; Cottrell, Rory D.; Nimmo, Francis; et al.
SCIENCE  Volume: 338   Issue: 6109   Pages: 939-942   Published: NOV 16 2012 
 
GEOMAGNETISM Hum from the quiet zone 
By: Tarduno, John A.
NATURE GEOSCIENCE  Volume: 5   Issue: 3   Pages: 161-162   Published: MAR 2012 

An archeomagnetic analysis of burnt grain bin floors from ca. 1200 to 1250 AD Iron-Age South Africa 
By: Neukirch, Levi P.; Tarduno, John A.; Huffman, Thomas N.; et al.
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS  Volume: 190   Pages: 71-79   Published: JAN 2012 

Evolving core conditions ca. 2 billion years ago detected by paleosecular variation 
By: Smirnov, Aleksey V.; Tarduno, John A.; Evans, David A. D.
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS  Volume: 187   Issue: 3-4   Special Issue: SI   Pages: 225-231   Published: AUG 2011 

Development of a low-temperature insert for the measurement of remanent magnetization direction using superconducting quantum interference device rock magnetometers 
By: Smirnov, Aleksey V.; Tarduno, John A.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS  Volume: 12     Article Number: Q04Z23   Published: APR 21 2011 

Co-location of eruption sites of the Siberian Traps and North Atlantic Igneous Province: Implications for the nature of hotspots and mantle plumes 
By: Smirnov, Aleksey V.; Tarduno, John A.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 297   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 687-690   Published: SEP 1 2010 

Observations and Models of the Long-Term Evolution of Earth's Magnetic Field 
By: Aubert, Julien; Tarduno, John A.; Johnson, Catherine L.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS  Volume: 155   Issue: 1-4   Pages: 337-370   Published: AUG 2010 
 
Geodynamo, Solar Wind, and Magnetopause 3.4 to 3.45 Billion Years Ago 
By: Tarduno, John A.; Cottrell, Rory D.; Watkeys, Michael K.; et al.
SCIENCE  Volume: 327   Issue: 5970   Pages: 1238-1240   Published: MAR 5 2010 

On the magnetostratigraphic age of Nauru Basin basalts of the western Pacific Ocean and timing of Ontong Java volcanism 
By: Doubrovine, Pavel V.; Tarduno, John A.; Zhao, Xixi
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 287   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 175-184   Published: SEP 30 2009 

Evidence for a 3.45-billion-year-old magnetic remanence: Hints of an ancient geodynamo from conglomerates of South Africa 
By: Usui, Yoichi; Tarduno, John A.; Watkeys, Michael; et al.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS  Volume: 10     Article Number: Q09Z07   Published: SEP 24 2009 

Geodynamo History Preserved in Single Silicate Crystals: Origins and Long-Term Mantle Control 
By: Tarduno, John A.
ELEMENTS  Volume: 5   Issue: 4   Pages: 217-222   Published: AUG 2009 

The Bent Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Track: Inheriting the Mantle Wind 
By: Tarduno, John; Bunge, Hans-Peter; Sleep, Norm; et al.
SCIENCE  Volume: 324   Issue: 5923   Pages: 50-53   Published: APR 3 2009 

New Late Cretaceous macrobaenid turtle with Asian affinities from the High Canadian Arctic: Dispersal via ice-free polar routes 
By: Vandermark, Deborah; Tarduno, John A.; Brinkman, Donald B.; et al.
GEOLOGY  Volume: 37   Issue: 2   Pages: 183-186   Published: FEB 2009 

A revised kinematic model for the relative motion between Pacific oceanic plates and North America since the Late Cretaceous 
By: Doubrovine, Pavel V.; Tarduno, John A.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 113   Issue: B12     Article Number: B12101   Published: DEC 3 2008 

The Kiaman Reversed Polarity Superchron at Kiama: Toward a field strength estimate based on single silicate crystals 
By: Cottrell, Rory D.; Tarduno, John A.; Roberts, John
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS  Volume: 169   Issue: 1-4   Special Issue: SI   Pages: 49-58   Published: AUG 2008 
 
Linking the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene Pacific plate and the Atlantic bordering continents using plate circuits and paleomagnetic data 
By: Doubrovine, Pavel V.; Tarduno, John A.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 113   Issue: B7     Article Number: B07104   Published: JUL 19 2008 

Hotspots unplugged - Long considered fixed founts of molten material from deep within the planet, the hotspots that raise islands now join the list of the earth's moving parts 
By: Tarduno, John A.
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN  Volume: 298   Issue: 1   Pages: 88-93   Published: JAN 2008 

On the motion of Hawaii and other mantle plumes 
By: Tarduno, John A.
CHEMICAL GEOLOGY  Volume: 241   Issue: 3-4   Special Issue: SI   Pages: 234-247   Published: JUL 15 2007 

A fossil champsosaur population from the high Arctic: Implications for Late Cretaceous paleotemperatures 
By: Vandermark, Deborah; Tarduno, John A.; Brinkman, Donald B.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY  Volume: 248   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 49-59   Published: MAY 14 2007 

Geomagnetic field strength 3.2 billion years ago recorded by single silicate crystals 
By: Tarduno, John A.; Cottrell, Rory D.; Watkeys, Michael K.; et al.
NATURE  Volume: 446   Issue: 7136   Pages: 657-660   Published: APR 5 2007 

Alteration and self-reversal in oceanic basalts 
By: Doubrovine, Pavel V.; Tarduno, John A.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 111   Issue: B12     Article Number: B12S30   Published: NOV 3 2006 

N-type magnetism at cryogenic temperatures in oceanic basalt 
By: Doubrovine, Pavel V.; Tarduno, John A.
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS  Volume: 157   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 46-54   Published: AUG 14 2006 

The paleomagnetism of single silicate crystals: Recording geomagnetic field strength during mixed polarity intervals, superchrons, and inner core growth 
By: Tarduno, JA; Cottrell, RD; Smirnov, AV
REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS  Volume: 44   Issue: 1     Article Number: RG1002   Published: MAR 31 2006 

Late Cretaceous plesiosaur teeth from Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada 
By: Vandermark, D; Tarduno, JA; Brinkman, DB
ARCTIC  Volume: 59   Issue: 1   Pages: 79-82   Published: MAR 2006 

A Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Coniacian) high-latitude turtle assemblage from the Canadian Arctic 
By: Brinkman, DB; Tarduno, JA
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES  Volume: 42   Issue: 12   Pages: 2073-2080   Published: DEC 2005 

On the compositional field of self-reversing titanomaghemite: Constraints from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 307 
By: Doubrovine, PV; Tarduno, JA
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 110   Issue: B11     Article Number: B11104   Published: NOV 23 2005 

Dipole strength and variation of the time-averaged reversing and nonreversing geodynamo based on Thellier analyses of single plagioclase crystals 
By: Tarduno, JA; Cottrell, RD
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 110   Issue: B11     Article Number: B11101   Published: NOV 5 2005 
 
Thermochemical remanent magnetization in Precambrian rocks: Are we sure the geomagnetic field was weak? 
By: Smirnov, AV; Tarduno, JA
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 110   Issue: B6     Article Number: B06103   Published: JUN 30 2005 

Late Cretaceous paleolatitude of the Hawaiian hot spot: New paleomagnetic data from Detroit Seamount (ODP Site 883) 
By: Doubrovine, PV; Tarduno, JA
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS  Volume: 5     Article Number: Q11L04   Published: NOV 20 2004 
 
Secular variation of the Late Archean Early Proterozoic geodynamo 
By: Smirnov, AV; Tarduno, JA
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS  Volume: 31   Issue: 16     Article Number: L16607   Published: AUG 27 2004 
 
Self-reversed magnetization carried by titanomaghemite in oceanic basalts 
By: Doubrovine, PV; Tarduno, JA
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 222   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 959-969   Published: JUN 15 2004 

Fossil fishes from the high Canadian Arctic: further palaeobiological evidence for extreme climatic warmth during the Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Coniacian) 
By: Friedman, M; Tarduno, JA; Brinkman, DB
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH  Volume: 24   Issue: 6   Pages: 615-632   Published: DEC 2003 
 
The Emperor Seamounts: Southward motion of the Hawaiian hotspot plume in earth's mantle 
By: Tarduno, JA; Duncan, RA; Scholl, DW; et al.
SCIENCE  Volume: 301   Issue: 5636   Pages: 1064-1069   Published: AUG 22 2003 
 
Paleointensity of the early geodynamo (2.45 Ga) as recorded in Karelia: A single-crystal approach 
By: Smirnov, AV; Tarduno, JA; Pisakin, BN
GEOLOGY  Volume: 31   Issue: 5   Pages: 415-418   Published: MAY 2003 
 
Magnetic hysteresis monitoring of Cretaceous submarine basaltic glass during Thellier paleointensity experiments: evidence for alteration and attendant low field bias 
By: Smirnov, AV; Tarduno, JA
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 206   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 571-585   Published: FEB 15 2003 

A Late Cretaceous pole for the Pacific plate: implications for apparent and true polar wander and the drift of hotspots 
By: Cottrell, RD; Tarduno, JA
TECTONOPHYSICS  Volume: 362   Issue: 1-4   Pages: 321-333   Published: FEB 6 2003 
 
The Cretaceous superchron geodynamo: Observations near the tangent cylinder 
By: Tarduno, JA; Cottrell, RD; Smirnov, AV
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA  Volume: 99   Issue: 22   Pages: 14020-14025   Published: OCT 29 2002 
 
Response to comment on "Stability of the Earth with respect to the spin axis for the last 130 Million Years" by P. Camps, M. Prevot, M. Daignieres and P. Machetel 
By: Tarduno, JA; Smirnov, AV
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 198   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 533-539   Article Number: PII S0012-821X(02)00496-X   Published: MAY 15 2002 
 
Magnetic field control of the low-temperature magnetic properties of stoichiometric and cation-deficient magnetite 
By: Smirnov, AV; Tarduno, JA
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 194   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 359-368   Published: JAN 15 2002 
 
Motion of the Hawaiian Hotspot: a paleomagnetic test. Covering Leg 197 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, Yokohama, Japan, to Yokohama, Japan, sites 1203-1206, 1 July - 27 August 2001. 
By: Tarduno, John A.; Duncan, Robert A.; et al; et al.
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports  Volume: 197   Pages: i-xii, 1-92   Published: 2002 
 
Estimating superparamagnetism in marine sediments with the time dependency of coercivity of remanence 
By: Smirnov, AV; Tarduno, JA
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 106   Issue: B8   Pages: 16135-16143   Published: AUG 10 2001 
 
High geomagnetic intensity during the Mid-Cretaceous from Thellier analyses of single plagioclase crystals  
By: Tarduno, JA; Cottrell, RD; Smirnov, AV
SCIENCE  Volume: 291   Issue: 5509   Pages: 1779-1783   Published: MAR 2 2001 
 
Stability of the Earth with respect to the spin axis for the last 130 million years 
By: Tarduno, JA; Smirnov, AV
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 184   Issue: 2   Pages: 549-553   Published: JAN 15 2001 
 
In search of high-fidelity geomagnetic paleointensities: A comparison of single plagioclase crystal and whole rock Thellier-Thellier analyses 
By: Cottrell, RD; Tarduno, JA
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 105   Issue: B10   Pages: 23579-23594   Published: OCT 10 2000 
 
Low-temperature magnetic properties of pelagic sediments (Ocean Drilling Program Site 805C): Tracers of maghemitization and magnetic mineral reduction 
By: Smirnov, AV; Tarduno, JA
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 105   Issue: B7   Pages: 16457-16471   Published: JUL 10 2000 
 
Late cretaceous true polar wander: not so fast. 
By: Cottrell, R D; Tarduno, J A; Sager, W W; et al.
Science (New York, N.Y.)  Volume: 288   Issue: 5475   Pages: 2283a   Published: 2000-Jun-30 

Geomagnetic paleointensity derived from single plagioclase crystals 
By: Cottrell, RD; Tarduno, JA
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 169   Issue: 1-2   Pages: 1-5   Published: MAY 30 1999 
 
Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic vertebrates 
By: Tarduno, JA; Brinkman, DB; Renne, PR; et al.
SCIENCE  Volume: 282   Issue: 5397   Pages: 2241-2244   Published: DEC 18 1998 
 
Biogeochemical remanent magnetization in pelagic sediments of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean 
By: Tarduno, JA; Tian, WL; Wilkison, S
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS  Volume: 25   Issue: 21   Pages: 3987-3990   Published: NOV 1 1998 
 
Paleomagnetic evidence for motion of the Hawaiian hotspot during formation of the Emperor seamounts 
By: Tarduno, JA; Cottrell, RD
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS  Volume: 153   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 171-180   Published: DEC 1997 
 
Magnetostratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous to Eocene Sverdrup Basin: Implications for heterochroneity, deformation, and rotations in the Canadian Arctic archipelago 
By: Tarduno, JA; Cottrell, RD; Wilkison, SL
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH  Volume: 102   Issue: B1   Pages: 723-746   Published: JAN 10 1997