{"id":6262,"date":"2021-10-12T15:37:25","date_gmt":"2021-10-12T15:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/urseismo\/?page_id=6262"},"modified":"2026-11-03T15:45:59","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T15:45:59","slug":"nsf-eager-lightboard-lectures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/urseismo\/nsf-eager-lightboard-lectures\/","title":{"rendered":"NSF Eager (Lightboard Lectures)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"tmo-soft tmo-lb\">\n<style>\nbody:has(.tmo-soft) #secondary{display:none}\nbody:has(.tmo-soft) #primary{width:100%;float:none}\n.tmo-soft{--b:#1f4e9a;--m:#5f6b7a;--ln:#dfe5ee;--bg:#f5f8fc;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;container-type:inline-size}\n.tmo-soft .intro{color:var(--m);margin:.2em 0 .9em;max-width:60em}\n.tmo-soft h2{font-size:1.3em;margin:1.6em 0 .3em;color:var(--c,var(--b));border-bottom:2px solid var(--ln);padding-bottom:.25em}\n.tmo-soft .si{color:var(--m);margin:.1em 0 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.45em;font-size:.8em;color:var(--m)}\n.tmo-lb .xt{font-size:.85em;color:var(--m);margin:.6em 0 0}\n.tmo-lb .cmx{max-width:60em}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lbh\"><div class=\"strip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=367efcb9-a201-4d8d-bcb7-acbf0146bbb2&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"Lightboard frame from Homework 1 \u00b7 warm-up: Orders of magnitude\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=e99e3427-7841-4316-ac2b-acdb0163a283&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"Lightboard frame from Lecture 5: Patterns in the imaginary\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=77c29114-28e7-4239-adda-ad050152b877&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"Lightboard frame from Lecture 11: Gradients in Nature&#x27;s Fury\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><\/div><div class=\"hb\">\n<span class=\"hk\">Flipped-class video series \u00b7 NSF EAGER<\/span><span class=\"hn\">Math for the Geosciences<\/span>\n<p class=\"ht\">Short lightboard lectures on the mathematics behind geophysics: complex numbers, linear algebra, and the calculus of vector fields. Watch them before class, pause to work each step on paper, and come back to them when you review for homework and exams.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tb\"><a class=\"btn pri\" href=\"#lec-1\">Start here: Lecture 1<\/a><a class=\"btn\" href=\"#courses\">Find your course<\/a><a class=\"btn\" href=\"#lectures\">All lectures<\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"facts\"><li><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg>Short videos, most 6 to 20 minutes<\/li><li><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"7\" width=\"26\" height=\"18\" rx=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M14 13.2a3 3 0 1 0 0 5.6M23.5 13.2a3 3 0 1 0 0 5.6\"\/><\/svg>Captions on the math lectures<\/li><li><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M4 16h24\"\/><path d=\"M16 4c4.6 4 4.6 20 0 24c-4.6-4-4.6-20 0-24z\"\/><\/svg>Free to watch, no login<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"hi2\" id=\"how\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 26l1.5-6.5L21 6l5 5-13.5 13.5z\"\/><path d=\"M18 9l5 5\"\/><\/svg>How to use these lectures<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tiles how\"><div class=\"tile\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2 16s5-9 14-9 14 9 14 9-5 9-14 9S2 16 2 16z\"\/><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"4\"\/><\/svg><b>Watch before class<\/b><span>Each lecture covers one idea. Watch the ones your course lists before the class that uses them.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"tile\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 26l1.5-6.5L21 6l5 5-13.5 13.5z\"\/><path d=\"M18 9l5 5\"\/><\/svg><b>Pause and work the board<\/b><span>Copy the derivation as it goes. Pause before each step and try it yourself first.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"tile\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"4\"\/><circle cx=\"22.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3.2\"\/><path d=\"M3 26c0-4.4 3.6-8 8-8s8 3.6 8 8\"\/><path d=\"M19.3 19.4c1-.4 2-.6 3.2-.6 3.8 0 6.5 3 6.5 6.8\"\/><\/svg><b>Bring questions to class<\/b><span>Class time goes to problems and discussion, so note what confused you and ask.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"tile\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"6\" width=\"24\" height=\"21\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M4 12h24M10 3v6M22 3v6\"\/><\/svg><b>Come back to review<\/b><span>Before homework and exams, jump straight to the lecture you need from your course card below.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"hi2\" id=\"courses\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 7h8a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v16a3 3 0 0 0-3-3H4z\"\/><path d=\"M28 7h-8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v16a3 3 0 0 1 3-3h9z\"\/><\/svg>Find your course<\/h2>\n<p class=\"si\">Each course lists the lectures to watch, in order. Instructors can link straight to a course&#8217;s list, for example <code>#course=215<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cgrid\"><div class=\"crs\" id=\"course-111\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\"><div class=\"ci cover\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/urseismo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/lb-hurricane-isabel-iss.jpg\" alt=\"Hurricane Isabel seen from the International Space Station\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"cb\"><span class=\"ck\">EESC 111<\/span><span class=\"cn\">Nature&#x27;s Fury<\/span><p class=\"td\">Homework walkthroughs recorded for Nature&#x27;s Fury: powers of ten, Earth&#x27;s energy budget, and locating an earthquake. Lectures 11 and 12 add the pressure gradients that drive storm winds.<\/p><div class=\"chiprow\"><span class=\"pl\">Lectures<\/span><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-HW1a\" title=\"Orders of magnitude\">HW1a<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-HW1b\" title=\"Terra-cado: Earth as an avocado\">HW1b<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-HW1c\" title=\"Distance from the Sun and surface temperature\">HW1c<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-HW3\" title=\"Locating an earthquake with S minus P\">HW3<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-HW5\" title=\"Earth&#x27;s temperature from black-body radiation\">HW5<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-11\" title=\"Gradients in Nature&#x27;s Fury\">11<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-12\" title=\"Gradients, Newton&#x27;s law and energy\">12<\/a><\/div><div class=\"tb\"><a class=\"btn pri\" href=\"#lectures\" data-f=\"111\">Show my lectures<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"crs\" id=\"course-214\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\"><div class=\"ci contain\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/urseismo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/lb-grace-gravity-anomalies.jpg\" alt=\"Map of Earth&#x27;s gravity anomalies measured by NASA&#x27;s GRACE satellites\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"cb\"><span class=\"ck\">EESC 214\/414<\/span><span class=\"cn\">Earth Science Data Analysis<\/span><p class=\"td\">Fitting models to seismic and gravity data is linear algebra. Start with matrix times vector and the column space, then use complex numbers when the course turns to spectra and Fourier analysis.<\/p><div class=\"chiprow\"><span class=\"pl\">Lectures<\/span><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-3\" title=\"Math for the geosciences: overview\">3<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-2\" title=\"Matrix times vector and the column space\">2<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-1\" title=\"From the number line to the plane\">1<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-5\" title=\"Patterns in the imaginary\">5<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-7\" title=\"Complex numbers do the heavy lifting\">7<\/a><\/div><div class=\"tb\"><a class=\"btn pri\" href=\"#lectures\" data-f=\"214\">Show my lectures<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"crs\" id=\"course-215\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"ci contain\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/urseismo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/lb-earthquake-wave-paths.png\" alt=\"Cross-section of Earth showing the paths of P, S and core-phase earthquake waves\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"cb\"><span class=\"ck\">EESC 215\/415<\/span><span class=\"cn\">Seismology and Earth Structure<\/span><p class=\"td\">The elastic wave equation is written with gradient, divergence and curl. Work through the vector-calculus lectures, which end with a derivation of the acoustic wave equation, and use complex numbers for harmonic waves.<\/p><div class=\"chiprow\"><span class=\"pl\">Lectures<\/span><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-3\" title=\"Math for the geosciences: overview\">3<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-8\" title=\"Vector calculus, express\">8<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-9\" title=\"Partial derivatives and the gradient\">9<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-13\" title=\"Divergence of a vector field\">13<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-14\" title=\"Divergence and simple waves\">14<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-14a\" title=\"Simple waves: addendum\">14a<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-15\" title=\"Curl of a vector field\">15<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-16\" title=\"Summary: gradient, divergence and curl\">16<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-7\" title=\"Complex numbers do the heavy lifting\">7<\/a><\/div><div class=\"tb\"><a class=\"btn pri\" href=\"#lectures\" data-f=\"215\">Show my lectures<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"crs\" id=\"course-225\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\"><div class=\"ci cover\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/urseismo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/lb-insight-mars-selfie.jpg\" alt=\"NASA&#x27;s InSight lander on Mars, which carried a seismometer\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"cb\"><span class=\"ck\">EESC 225\/425<\/span><span class=\"cn\">Planetary Seismoacoustics<\/span><p class=\"td\">Fourier analysis, instrument response and noise spectra all run on complex numbers. Watch the complex-numbers module from the plane to the heavy lifting, then the linear-algebra lecture.<\/p><div class=\"chiprow\"><span class=\"pl\">Lectures<\/span><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-1\" title=\"From the number line to the plane\">1<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-4\" title=\"Imaginary numbers\">4<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-5\" title=\"Patterns in the imaginary\">5<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-6\" title=\"The geometry of complex numbers\">6<\/a><a class=\"ch off\" href=\"#lec-7\" title=\"Complex numbers do the heavy lifting\">7<\/a><a class=\"ch\" href=\"#lec-2\" title=\"Matrix times vector and the column space\">2<\/a><\/div><div class=\"tb\"><a class=\"btn pri\" href=\"#lectures\" data-f=\"225\">Show my lectures<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"hi2\" id=\"lectures\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 11a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h4l2-3h8l2 3h4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v13a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\"\/><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"17\" r=\"5\"\/><\/svg>The lectures<\/h2>\n<nav class=\"flt\" aria-label=\"Show the lectures for one course\" hidden><span>Show lectures for<\/span><button type=\"button\" data-f=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">All courses<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-f=\"111\" aria-pressed=\"false\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\">EESC 111<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-f=\"214\" aria-pressed=\"false\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\">EESC 214<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-f=\"215\" aria-pressed=\"false\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\">EESC 215<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-f=\"225\" aria-pressed=\"false\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\">EESC 225<\/button><\/nav>\n<section class=\"mod\" id=\"mod-start\" style=\"--c:#5f6b7a\"><h3 class=\"mh\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M7 28V5\"\/><path d=\"M7 6h16l-4 5 4 5H7\"\/><\/svg>Start here<\/h3><p class=\"si\">Why a short list of mathematical tools carries most of solid-Earth geophysics, and how the series fits together.<\/p><div class=\"lgrid one\"><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-3\" data-c=\"214 215\" style=\"--c:#5f6b7a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=034c609d-6c84-4ac0-b378-acdb01636c45&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 3<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Math for the geosciences: overview<\/span><p class=\"ls\">The tools this series builds, and where each one shows up in seismology, data analysis and planetary science.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\" title=\"EESC 214\/414 Earth Science Data Analysis\">EESC 214<\/span><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"mod\" id=\"mod-complex\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\"><h3 class=\"mh\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 21h26M9 28V4\"\/><path d=\"M9 21l13-11\"\/><path d=\"M17 10h5v5\"\/><path d=\"M14.5 21a5.5 5.5 0 0 0-1.6-3.9\"\/><\/svg>Complex numbers<\/h3><p class=\"si\">Waves and vibrations are easiest to describe with complex numbers. These lectures build the complex plane from scratch and end with the algebra used in Fourier analysis.<\/p><div class=\"lgrid\"><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-1\" data-c=\"214 225\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=49567dc3-94cf-48c6-99a6-acaa0116fe2e\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=49567dc3-94cf-48c6-99a6-acaa0116fe2e&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Lecture 1: From the number line to the plane, 6 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=49567dc3-94cf-48c6-99a6-acaa0116fe2e&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">6 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 1<\/span><span class=\"lt\">From the number line to the plane<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Real numbers sit on a line; complex numbers need a plane with a real and an imaginary axis. Why, with worked problems.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\" title=\"EESC 214\/414 Earth Science Data Analysis\">EESC 214<\/span><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\" title=\"EESC 225\/425 Planetary Seismoacoustics\">EESC 225<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-4\" data-c=\"225\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=a69f31b6-859e-4e63-b980-acdb016384db&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 4<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Imaginary numbers<\/span><p class=\"ls\">The imaginary unit i, the square root of minus one, and why a new class of numbers was needed at all.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\" title=\"EESC 225\/425 Planetary Seismoacoustics\">EESC 225<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-5\" data-c=\"214 225\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=e99e3427-7841-4316-ac2b-acdb0163a283\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=e99e3427-7841-4316-ac2b-acdb0163a283&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Lecture 5: Patterns in the imaginary, 11 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=e99e3427-7841-4316-ac2b-acdb0163a283&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">11 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 5<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Patterns in the imaginary<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Powers of 2 march out along the number line, while powers of i circle back: i, \u22121, \u2212i, 1. Multiplying by i is a quarter turn.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\" title=\"EESC 214\/414 Earth Science Data Analysis\">EESC 214<\/span><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\" title=\"EESC 225\/425 Planetary Seismoacoustics\">EESC 225<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-6\" data-c=\"225\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=f17ca392-3f58-4f65-93b1-ace2015e2e06&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 6<\/span><span class=\"lt\">The geometry of complex numbers<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Complex numbers as arrows with a length and an angle, and what that geometry does to multiplication.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\" title=\"EESC 225\/425 Planetary Seismoacoustics\">EESC 225<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-7\" data-c=\"214 215 225\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=b86a32fa-ee63-429a-9c3f-ace901744ccb&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 7<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Complex numbers do the heavy lifting<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Applications: complex exponentials turn oscillations and waves into algebra you can do by hand.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\" title=\"EESC 214\/414 Earth Science Data Analysis\">EESC 214<\/span><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\" title=\"EESC 225\/425 Planetary Seismoacoustics\">EESC 225<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"mod\" id=\"mod-linear\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\"><h3 class=\"mh\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M10 5H6v22h4M22 5h4v22h-4\"\/><path d=\"M11 11h2M19 11h2M11 16h2M19 16h2M11 21h2M19 21h2\"\/><\/svg>Linear algebra<\/h3><p class=\"si\">Learning from data, from rock composition to imaging and machine learning, rests on systems of equations written as Ax = b.<\/p><div class=\"lgrid one\"><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-2\" data-c=\"214 225\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=91c5057d-379f-4ff8-9dcd-acb10164a627\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=91c5057d-379f-4ff8-9dcd-acb10164a627&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Lecture 2: Matrix times vector and the column space, 13 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=91c5057d-379f-4ff8-9dcd-acb10164a627&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">13 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 2<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Matrix times vector and the column space<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Matrix\u2013vector multiplication read as a combination of columns, leading to the column space, one of the four fundamental subspaces.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#0f7c80\" title=\"EESC 214\/414 Earth Science Data Analysis\">EESC 214<\/span><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#7b3fa0\" title=\"EESC 225\/425 Planetary Seismoacoustics\">EESC 225<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"mod\" id=\"mod-vector\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><h3 class=\"mh\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 7h24L16 27z\"\/><path d=\"M10 10.5L16 22\"\/><\/svg>Vector calculus<\/h3><p class=\"si\">The calculus of fields. Gradient, divergence and curl are introduced through Maxwell&#x27;s equations and the elastic wave equation, then put to work on winds, pressure and sound waves.<\/p><div class=\"lgrid\"><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-8\" data-c=\"215\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=499b08e6-5e1f-472b-a171-acf70151911e\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=499b08e6-5e1f-472b-a171-acf70151911e&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Lecture 8: Vector calculus, express, 15 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=499b08e6-5e1f-472b-a171-acf70151911e&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">15 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 8<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Vector calculus, express<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Starts from Maxwell&#x27;s equations and takes them apart, so each operator has a physical meaning before it has a definition.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-9\" data-c=\"215\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=b5b0d9d6-cbaf-44fb-8561-acfe01613ab3&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 9<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Partial derivatives and the gradient<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Slopes along each axis, collected into one vector that points uphill.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-10\" data-c=\"\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=45d6cdfb-9613-47cf-ad0c-acfe0161692c&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 10<\/span><span class=\"lt\">The gradient: a first example<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Contours of a scalar field and the gradient that crosses them at right angles, toward the steepest increase.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-11\" data-c=\"111\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=77c29114-28e7-4239-adda-ad050152b877&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 11<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Gradients in Nature&#x27;s Fury<\/span><p class=\"ls\">A NOAA weather map: isobars, the pressure gradient, and why winds are strongest where isobars crowd together.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\" title=\"EESC 111 Nature&#x27;s Fury\">EESC 111<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-12\" data-c=\"111\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=2ad66da7-a562-4eaf-98de-ad0c01342c90&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 12<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Gradients, Newton&#x27;s law and energy<\/span><p class=\"ls\">The pressure-gradient force from Newton&#x27;s second law, and how gradients connect to conservation of energy.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\" title=\"EESC 111 Nature&#x27;s Fury\">EESC 111<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-13\" data-c=\"215\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=761fb74d-f8d6-463b-a2d8-ad1d00f47201&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 13<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Divergence of a vector field<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Flux in and out of a small box: sources, sinks, and the divergence term in Maxwell&#x27;s equations.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-14\" data-c=\"215\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=ac3e33bf-c075-476c-be61-ad240127657a&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 14<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Divergence and simple waves<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Newton&#x27;s law and the pressure evolution equation combine into the acoustic wave equation.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-14a\" data-c=\"215\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=9d350950-5200-4f46-b7df-ad24013094db&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 14a<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Simple waves: addendum<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Finishes the acoustic wave equation and collects the facts used along the way.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-15\" data-c=\"215\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><div class=\"lv off\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=3607dc9d-5122-4de9-959b-ad280173f2c7&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"bk\">Back soon<\/span><\/div><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 15<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Curl of a vector field<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Circulation around a small square, and the curl as a cross product with the del operator.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-16\" data-c=\"215\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=5e5f0778-8e7e-49c0-a29b-ad37001c40cb\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=5e5f0778-8e7e-49c0-a29b-ad37001c40cb&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Lecture 16: Summary: gradient, divergence and curl, 20 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=5e5f0778-8e7e-49c0-a29b-ad37001c40cb&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">20 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Lecture 16<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Summary: gradient, divergence and curl<\/span><p class=\"ls\">How the three operators connect through del, and what each says about paths, surfaces and volumes.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#1f4e9a\" title=\"EESC 215\/415 Seismology and Earth Structure\">EESC 215<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><p class=\"xt\">Extra takes: Practice take: divergence (back soon) \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=109c980e-2b81-4f7c-8c2c-ad2101232046\">Practice take: divergence and the electric field<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"mod\" id=\"mod-naturesfury\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\"><h3 class=\"mh\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"3.5\"\/><path d=\"M14.5 12.8C14 7.5 18 4 25 4.5c-3.2 1.6-5 4.2-5.4 8.2\"\/><path d=\"M17.5 19.2c.5 5.3-3.5 8.8-10.5 8.3 3.2-1.6 5-4.2 5.4-8.2\"\/><\/svg>Nature&#x27;s Fury homework walkthroughs<\/h3><p class=\"si\">Short lightboard walkthroughs recorded for Nature&#x27;s Fury in spring 2021, when the course was EES 211. Each works a problem that is still on the EESC 111 homework. Three are presented by Scott Hull, then a PhD student in Miki Nakajima&#x27;s group at Rochester.<\/p><div class=\"lgrid\"><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-HW1a\" data-c=\"111\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=367efcb9-a201-4d8d-bcb7-acbf0146bbb2\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=367efcb9-a201-4d8d-bcb7-acbf0146bbb2&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Homework 1 \u00b7 warm-up: Orders of magnitude, 16 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=367efcb9-a201-4d8d-bcb7-acbf0146bbb2&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">16 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Homework 1 \u00b7 warm-up<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Orders of magnitude<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Powers of ten for astronomical, planetary and economic numbers, from Avogadro&#x27;s number to a billion seconds.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\" title=\"EESC 111 Nature&#x27;s Fury\">EESC 111<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-HW1b\" data-c=\"111\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=6c1057b6-b982-46fa-935f-accd0155a486\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=6c1057b6-b982-46fa-935f-accd0155a486&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Homework 1 \u00b7 sphere volumes: Terra-cado: Earth as an avocado, 12 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=6c1057b6-b982-46fa-935f-accd0155a486&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">12 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Homework 1 \u00b7 sphere volumes<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Terra-cado: Earth as an avocado<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Core as the seed, mantle as the flesh, crust as the skin: how much of Earth&#x27;s volume each layer holds.<\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\" title=\"EESC 111 Nature&#x27;s Fury\">EESC 111<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-HW1c\" data-c=\"111\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=59e4433f-5cf4-495a-8db9-accd0155a451\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=59e4433f-5cf4-495a-8db9-accd0155a451&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Homework 1 \u00b7 energy from the Sun: Distance from the Sun and surface temperature, 8 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=59e4433f-5cf4-495a-8db9-accd0155a451&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">8 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Homework 1 \u00b7 energy from the Sun<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Distance from the Sun and surface temperature<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Solar flux falls as 1\/d\u00b2 and temperature goes as power to the 1\/4: what Earth&#x27;s 300 K surface would be at half or twice the distance.<\/p><p class=\"by\">Presented by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mikinakajima.com\/\">Scott Hull<\/a><\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\" title=\"EESC 111 Nature&#x27;s Fury\">EESC 111<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-HW3\" data-c=\"111\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=febdba4f-8e95-42c7-8cb0-ace90173c8ac\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=febdba4f-8e95-42c7-8cb0-ace90173c8ac&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Homework 3 \u00b7 question 4: Locating an earthquake with S minus P, 7 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=febdba4f-8e95-42c7-8cb0-ace90173c8ac&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">7 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Homework 3 \u00b7 question 4<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Locating an earthquake with S minus P<\/span><p class=\"ls\">P waves outrun S waves, so the gap between their arrivals gives the distance to the epicenter; two stations narrow it down.<\/p><p class=\"by\">Presented by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mikinakajima.com\/\">Scott Hull<\/a><\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\" title=\"EESC 111 Nature&#x27;s Fury\">EESC 111<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"lec\" id=\"lec-HW5\" data-c=\"111\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\"><a class=\"lv\" href=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=29c17548-1fa9-44e8-a65e-acf701534b76\" data-embed=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=29c17548-1fa9-44e8-a65e-acf701534b76&amp;autoplay=true&amp;offerviewer=true&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;interactivity=all\" aria-label=\"Play Homework 5 \u00b7 question 3: Earth&#x27;s temperature from black-body radiation, 6 min\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rochester.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Services\/FrameGrabber.svc\/FrameRedirect?objectId=29c17548-1fa9-44e8-a65e-acf701534b76&amp;mode=Delivery\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\"><span class=\"pb\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"12\"\/><path d=\"M13 10.5l8.5 5.5-8.5 5.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"du\">6 min<\/span><\/a><div class=\"lb\"><span class=\"ln\">Homework 5 \u00b7 question 3<\/span><span class=\"lt\">Earth&#x27;s temperature from black-body radiation<\/span><p class=\"ls\">Balance incoming sunlight against Stefan\u2013Boltzmann radiation to find Earth&#x27;s steady-state temperature.<\/p><p class=\"by\">Presented by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mikinakajima.com\/\">Scott Hull<\/a><\/p><div class=\"lc\"><span class=\"cc\" style=\"--c:#c0571a\" title=\"EESC 111 Nature&#x27;s Fury\">EESC 111<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/section>\n<h2 class=\"hi2\" id=\"about\" style=\"--c:#5f6b7a\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"12\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M11.6 17.4L9 28l7-4 7 4-2.6-10.6\"\/><\/svg>About the series<\/h2>\n<p class=\"cmx\">I recorded these lectures in 2021 under NSF EAGER award EAR-2042007, a collaborative project with Margarete Jadamec and Erasmus Oware (University at Buffalo) and Stefany Sit (University of Illinois Chicago) to build flipped, multimodal modules for upper-level geophysics.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiles how\"><div class=\"tile\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 11a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h4l2-3h8l2 3h4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v13a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\"\/><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"17\" r=\"5\"\/><\/svg><b>Lightboard lectures<\/b><span>The math series on this page, captioned and free to watch.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"tile\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 5v22h22\"\/><path d=\"M9 21l5-6 4 3 7-9\"\/><\/svg><b>Active-learning polls<\/b><span>In-class Poll Everywhere exercises on plate tectonics, earthquakes and tsunamis, built with Ayla Martinelli (&#x27;21).<\/span><\/div><div class=\"tile\"><svg class=\"ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"16\" cy=\"9.5\" r=\"4.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 27c0-5 4-9 9-9s9 4 9 9\"\/><\/svg><b>Seismologist spotlights<\/b><span>Interviews in which seismologists describe their career paths, from the same project.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"tb\"><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/awardsearch\/showAward?AWD_ID=2042007\">NSF award 2042007<\/a><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/urseismo\/projects-urseismo\/#nsf-2042007\">All funded projects<\/a><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ees\/urseismo\/scratch-book\/\">Teaching philosophy<\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"foot\">Videos are hosted on the University of Rochester&#8217;s Panopto. Course images: Hurricane Isabel from the International Space Station (NASA Johnson Space Center); Earth&#x27;s gravity anomalies from GRACE (NASA); earthquake wave paths (USGS); InSight on Mars (NASA\/JPL-Caltech). All public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Updated November 2026.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@graph\": [{\"@type\": \"VideoObject\", \"name\": \"Lecture 1: From the number line to the plane\", \"description\": \"Real numbers sit on a line; complex numbers need a plane with a real and an imaginary axis. 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